Types of Fittings
A fitting is a detachable piece of pipe or tubing that either connects to another piece of pipe or tubing or connects two such pieces. Fittings are generally used in mechanical and plumbing operations for a number of different purposes. There are many different kinds of fittings, made from a variety of materials: some of the most common types are elbows, tees, wyes, crosses, couplings, unions, compression fittings, caps, plugs and valves.
Elbows
Elbows, also known as "ells," are used to change the direction of a pipe system. An elbow typically features a 45- or 90-degree bend, although other angles are also available. Elbows come in a variety of diameters and are generally threaded for connectivity. A common example of an elbow fitting in the home is the piece that extends from the wall of your shower to which the shower head connects.
Tees, Wyes and Crosses
Tee, wye and cross fittings are all used to combine or split pipe or tube sections. Their names describe the basic design of each: tee and wye fittings each have one input and two outputs (or vice versa), intersecting at 90 and 45 degree angles, respectively; cross fittings have one input and three outputs (or vice versa) that intersect at 90 degree angles. All three designs come in standard designs (in which all outlets/inlets are the same diameter) and reducing designs (in which one or more is a different size).
Couplings and Unions
Couplings and unions come in a number of different sizes and designs. The basic function of each is simply to connect two pieces of pipe or tubing. Therefore, couplings and unions are generally quite short fittings. The main difference between couplings and unions is that couplings are designed to be somewhat permanent and are often welded in place or secured by a series of bolts and nuts, while unions are designed to be easily removed at any time.
Compression Fittings
Compression fittings are generally made up of three pieces: a body, nut and gasket ring (or ferule). They use pressure to tighten connections, thereby preventing leakage. These fittings are used in many different industries, as well as many places throughout the house, such as in toilets and faucets.
Caps and Plugs
Caps and plugs perform basically the same function but in different ways. A cap, as its name suggests, is a cap that goes over the end of a pipe, creating a dead end. Plugs also stop up a pipe or tube system, but are plugged, like a stopper, into the end of the pipe.
Can You Use Teflon Tape on Gas Pipe Fittings?
When connecting gas pipelines and their fittings to a stove, grill or other connection, it is important to use Teflon tape designed for gas connections and not Teflon tape designed for water pipes. Teflon tape seals the gas fittings' threads and keeps leaks from developing. The Teflon tape for gas fittings is available at hardware, home improvement and plumbing supply stores.
Teflon Tape
Teflon tape for gas fittings, also known as gas-rated Teflon tape, is yellow in color and clearly states it is for gas lines and connections. The tape works on all gas line types, including butane, propane and natural gas lines. Gas-rated Teflon tape is thick, Underwriters Laboratories listed and has a temperature range of negative 450 to 550 degrees Fahrenheit. The tape cuts easily with a utility knife or scissors.
Where to Use It
Apply gas-rated Teflon tape only to the fittings' threads. Do not apply the tape to gas compression connections, the removable nuts and bolts used to connect two gas pipes together. Gas fittings are on the ends of gas lines and are not removable. Turn off all gas connections at the gas meter outside your home or business before disconnecting or attaching gas lines to appliances.
Gas Leaks
After applying the tape, connecting your gas lines and turning the gas back on, mix 2 teaspoons dishwashing liquid and 1 cup of water in a pot. Dip a cloth or rag in the soap solution and swab the solution on the gas fitting. If you see bubbles forming on the fitting, you have a gas leak. Immediately turn off the gas source and tighten the gas fitting. Then turn the gas back on and test the fitting again. If the solution is still bubbling, turn off the gas, disconnect the fitting and check the fitting for dirt, debris or damage. Clean the fitting thoroughly, and reapply gas-rated Teflon tape. Repeat the testing process. Have a professional replace the gas line if the soap solution continues to bubble.
Plumber’s Teflon Tape
If you use plumber's Teflon tape on gas pipe fittings, the tape will degrade over time and gas vapors will escape from the fitting. Plumber's Teflon is white in color and thinner than yellow gas-rated Teflon tape. Leaking gas pipes and fittings are dangerous and can cause an explosion. If you are uncomfortable applying gas-rated Teflon tape to gas fittings, contact a plumber or repairman specializing in gas connections and repairs to complete the gas pipe installation or repair.
Innovative ways to hide a circuit breaker box
Generally, circuit breaker panels are considered to be the power center of any building. It ensures uniform distribution of electricity across all the circuits. Most distribution boards have a vertical arrangement of circuit breakers. These circuit breakers act as safety guards for your building. However, circuit breaker panels are huge and unappealing. It is also observed that these panels tend to disturb the look and feel of your interiors. Additionally, if you have toddlers in your home, it is always advisable to hide these circuit panels for the purpose of safety. The good news is that you can be as creative as possible while attempting to hide your circuit breaker box. Here are few innovative techniques to get you started.
Incorporate colourful paints
One of the simplest ways to decorate your circuit breaker panel is to incorporate colourful paints. What is most important here is the choice of the colour. It is always ideal to use colours that are in contrast to your home décor and wall paints. Another great idea is to use the same colours as that of your cupboards and lofts. Black is one of the safest options if you are in a dilemma. While playing with colours, the possibilities are endless with no boundaries for your creativity. Make sure you experiment with a lot of patterns such as polka dots and checks which are quite easy to incorporate and are unconventional too.
Hang a picture or a painting
Circuit breaker panels are an ideal place to hang a wall painting or a family photograph. While mounting the picture, make sure you keep the door accessible. Choose a painting or a frame that is slightly bigger than the circuit breaker box. An easy way to install a painting is by using button magnets with a peel-and-stick adhesive option. When there is a necessity to open the box, you just need to pull off the picture!
Design a storage cabinet
Installing a small cabinet or a cupboard around the circuit breaker box is yet another innovative idea to incorporate in your homes. Shallow cabinets with hinged doors are preferable. These cabinets can be used for storing medicines or any other valuables such as house keys, letters and bills.
Make it a vanity corner
You can create a small vanity corner by installing a mirror over the circuit breaker box. Mirrors of various styles and shapes can be incorporated to make the space more elegant. But, the most important thing that you keep in mind is to choose a mirror that is considerably smaller than the circuit breaker box, for easy access.
Types of Electrical Boxes
Most electrical boxes are either metal or plastic: Metal boxes are generally made of steel, while plastic boxes are either PVC or fiberglass. Weatherproof metal boxes for outdoor use are generally made of aluminum.
If you are using metal conduit to run wiring to the electrical box, then a metal box is required—both to anchor the conduit and because the conduit and metal box system itself may be used to ground the system. Metal boxes are more durable, fireproof, and secure.
Plastic boxes are typically cheaper in price and include built-in clamps for wires. If you are using a non-metallic cable, such as Type NM-B (non-metallic sheathed cable), then you can use either plastic boxes or metal boxes, as long as the cable is secured to the box with an appropriate cable clamp. Modern wiring systems with NM-B cable usually include a ground wire inside the cable, so the box is not part of the grounding system (however, metal boxes must be connected to the system ground, usually with a short length of wire called a pigtail).
Standard rectangular boxes, also known as "single-gang" or "one-gang" boxes, are typically used for single light fixture switches and outlet receptacles. They are generally 2 x 3 inches in size, with depths ranging from 1 1/2 inches to 3 1/2 inches. Some forms are gangable—with detachable sides that can be removed so the boxes can be linked together to form larger boxes for holding two, three, or more devices side-by-side.
Standard rectangular boxes come in various types of "new work" and "old work" designs, and they can be metallic or non-metallic (with metallic being more durable). Some types have built-in cable clamps for securing NM cables. These boxes can range in cost, but most standard options are very affordable.
Like standard rectangular boxes, gangable electrical boxes are used to hold household switches and electrical outlets, but they are oversized so that two, three, or four devices can be mounted side-by-side. Like other boxes, these come in a variety of "new work" and "old work" designs, some with built-in cable clamps.
The same effect can be created by using standard rectangular boxes with a gangable design that allows the sides to be removed so the boxes can be joined together to form larger boxes. Gangable electrical boxes are most often made of durable galvanized steel, however, some plastic snap-together options may be found at certain hardware stores (sometimes for a slightly higher price).
Plumbing Parts And Terminology
Bypass valves play the role of controlling pressure in a plumbing system by diverting part of the water flow. This normally happens by bypassing water from the pump outlet back into the reservoir. Bypass valves essentially regulate the pressure in a plumbing system by opening just enough to relieve pressure on the inlet port. Perfect pressure means perfect water flow.
ISOLATION VALVE
Isolation valves allow you to turn off the water supply to a particular feed or faucet without having to turn off the mains. These valves are often attached to faucets under sinks in what looks like a slot headed screw. The valve in open when the slot is parallel to the arrow sign on the valve. When the slot is turned, it closes the valve and stops the water flow. Isolation valves are handy for issues such as leaking faucets, when a specific area needs to be isolated.
PRESSURE BALANCE CARTRIDGE
These cartridges or valves help to supply water at a constant pressure to a shower or bathtub despite pressure fluctuations from supply lines. They work by measuring the volume ratio of hot water to cold water and adjust these volumes continually to maintain a constant pressure. An example of this is when a toilet is flushed while the shower is turned on. Although the toilet draws water to refill, the Pressure balance cartridge maintains the water pressure in the shower while the toilet holding tanking is refilling.
THERMOSTATIC SHOWER VALVE
Thermostatic valves operate by sensing the actual temperature of the incoming water and then adjusting the hot and cold flow accordingly to maintain a constant temperature. As with our toilet illustration for the pressure balance cartridge, a similar function applies here but with regard to temperature regulation. The thermostatic shower valve senses the incoming water temperature to ensure that a constant temperature is kept for the duration of shower or bath.
FLUSH VALVE
The flush valve is the part inside the toilet that moves the water from the holding tank into the bowl. As you push the toilet handle down, the valve lifts to allow the water through. Flush valves come in different sizes depending on your personal requirements.
FILL VALVE
The fill valve is a very important part of a standard toilet. It manages the water that fills into the holding tank. The valve does this by opening the water flow as the toilet is flushing, and closes off the water supply when the tank has been refilled.
FLANGE
A flange provides for the connecting pipes, valves or pumps to form a piping system. Flanges are connector pieces that are either welded or screwed on to form a joint. Flanged joints are assembled by bolting two flange pieces together with a gasket in between which provides a seal.
COUPLING
Providing a similar function to a flange, a coupling is a very short length or pipe with a socket at either one or both ends. Couplings allow for pipes or tubes to be joined together to make up a plumbing piping system.
SUPPLY LINE
A supply line is a plastic or metal line that supplies water from the main line to an individual fixture such as a faucet or toilet. Flexible supply lines are useful for certain applications that may require movement adjustments. Supply line maintenance may be required over time.

The Importance of Cameras and How They Have Changed the World
By definition, a camera ;is a device used for recording visual images in the form of photographs, film, or video signals; however, since the initial vision of this device, it has proven to be so much more. The importance of the camera does not prove to be in the object itself, but rather in what it creates. Photography has formed new means of education and history, along with a new lifestyle in itself. “There is only you and your camera. The limitations in your photography are in yourself, for what we see is what we are,” said Ernst Haas, photojournalist, and pioneer of color filming. He was exactly right. Photography opened up a new facet of ideas when it was first created, and it was obvious that this concept would forever change the world.
Imagine an individual who is visually impaired; for them to see the world around them, that individual would need to wear eyeglasses. However, hundreds of years ago, eyewear was incredibly underdeveloped compared to modern glasses, thus their knowledge of how things looked was minimal to none at all. Then technology improved. Everything was so clear; their barriers had been broken and the whole world lay ahead for them to explore and discover.
This can be compared to the culture of art during the creation of photography. Cameras made artists look farther, dream bigger, and imagine greater and, they will continue to do so for centuries to come.
What does one see through the lens of a camera? The more important question is, what does one not see with a camera? Think about the average daily routine. Perhaps when people wake up, they take a morning shower; make their coffee, and then what? Most people turn their televisions on to see what is on the news or to watch some show, but what if the world was without cameras? Everyone’s life would change. People would not be able to keep up with the news, or any media for that matter. We wouldn’t even know what our planet looks like, much less any other planets in our solar system. ; The societies of science, recreation, and education have all greatly benefited from the use and development of the camera in some unimaginable ways.
Photos also preserve the memories of things and people we have previously met but have forgotten over time. The camera is just a save button for the mind’s eye; these pictures provide the feelings we once felt, be it happiness, sadness, or inspiration, and make us cherish them once again. People in today’s society are fixated on what they want to become or how they want to change, yet they hardly ever ponder on the memories of how things used to be.

Best on-camera monitors in 2022: external screens and video recorders for filmmakers
If you've just started out in video, on-camera monitors ;may seem like a luxury. Experienced videographers will tell you otherwise. As well as enlarging the display to make recording easier, lots of on-camera monitors can also improve your camera's video output. Whether you're shooting on a cine camera, a mirrorless, or a DSLR, an external monitor is a necessity if you want to get serious about filmmaking.

You might think you don't want to add weight to your setup or make it any bigger but an on-camera monitor is worth it. The extra big display means when you're shooting you can see a more accurate, live representation of your footage. Should there be a speck of dust on your lens or sensor, you'll be able to tell much easier on a 7-inch screen rather than a 3-inch screen. ;

Some of the more high-end on-camera monitors not only increase the size of your display but can improve your camera's video functionality. For example, when shooting with a Panasonic Lumix S5(opens in a new tab) and an Atomos Ninja V external recorder, you can shoot 12-bit RAW instead of 10-bit 4:2:2 with its internal recording. On-camera monitors are also great additions if your camera lacks features such as a fully articulating screen such as the Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 6K(opens in new tab).

Even if you have features turned on such as focus peaking, zebra lines, and false colors, an on-camera monitor lets you apply frame monitors which can reveal flickers that smaller monitors might not. They also enable you to proof content and show other people on set without having to cram around a small screen.

What's Mobile DVR
A Mobile DVR system includes the recording device and other components to create a network to view recordings from different points.
Mobile DVR is a type of device used to record and store video data in digital and analog forms.
Mobile DVR is a series of video recorders that have various cameras and storage devices.
They are often installed in vehicles but can also be placed in other devices such as airplanes.
With a Mobile DVR system, it can save you, your family, and your workers’ lives. Also can save cost and improve efficiency.

What is Mobile DVR?
Mobile DVR's short name is MDVR, Mobile DVR's full name is Mobile Digital Recorder. Mobile DVR is designed for all different vehicles, that is fleet management.

DASHCAM IS A DEVICE TO INCREASE THE ROAD SAFETY LEVEL
In recent years, there has been a huge boom in the market in terms of both supply and demand for dash cameras. This stems from the purpose of the camera installed in the vehicle. Dashcams are currently becoming an important aid in solving various adverse incidents, such as detecting violations of traffic regulations and other laws and recording and clarifying the course of a traffic accident or other criminologically relevant event. The purpose of this camera is to monitor the space in front and behind the vehicle, or the situation inside the vehicle. The content of this article is aimed at acquainting the reader with basic information about dashcams. Specifically, the individual parts of the article will discuss the importance and significance of the dashcams, the benefits of their use, and the legislative framework that regulates their use. The paper will conclude with a brief overview of innovative approaches based on the application of a dashcam for the purpose of increasing the level of safety of road users while driving a vehicle.


Advanced Driver Assistance System for Road Environments to Improve Safety and Efficiency
The advances in Information Technologies have led to more complex road safety applications. These systems provide multiple possibilities for improving road transport. The integrated system that this paper presents deals with two aspects that have been identified as key topics: safety and efficiency. To this end, the development and implementation of an integrated advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for rural and intercity environments are proposed. The system focuses mainly on single-carriageways roads, given the complexity of these environments compared to motorways and the high number of severe and fatal accidents on them. The proposed system is based on advanced perception techniques, vehicle automation, and communications between vehicles (V2V) and the infrastructure (V2I). Sensor fusion architecture based on computer vision and laser scanner technologies is developed. It allows real-time detection and classification of obstacles and the identification of potential risks. The driver receives this information and some warnings are generated by the system. In case, he does not react in a proper way, the vehicle could perform autonomous actions (both on speed control or steering maneuvers) to improve safety and/or efficiency. Furthermore, a multimodal V2V and V2I communication system, based on networking, facilitates the flow of information between vehicles and assists in the detection and information broadcasting processes. All this, combined with vehicle positioning, detailed digital maps, and advanced map-matching algorithms, establish the decision algorithms of different ADAS systems.

4CH AHD 1080P AI Mobile DVR with ADAS and DSM System
4CH AHD Mobile DVR is a cost-effective device specially developed for mobile video surveillance and remote video monitoring, featuring high functional scalability. It is equipped with a high-speed processor and an embedded operating system, integrating state-of-the-art H.265 video compression/decompression technology and GPS positioning technology in the IT industry. It supports video recording in AHD 1080p, 720p, 960H, and D1 formats. In addition, it supports extended AI functions to report alarms by using the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and implementing Blind Spot Detection (BSD) and Driver Status Monitor (DSM), effectively assisting drivers in safe driving and reducing traffic accidents.

living room sofa ideas – the essential design rules for sofa layouts and trends
The living room sofa ;is usually the largest – if not the most expensive – item in a room and is often the most dominant piece, so it is no surprise that the sofa usually dictates the style of the room. ;
Asked to name their most indispensable piece of living room furniture, most people would opt for the sofa. Cosseting and useful, upholstered seating has been a feature of the western home since the 18th century, morphing gradually from the prim settles of Georgian days to the more familiar sofas and armchairs of the 20th-century. ;
A living room sofa that’s the full length of the opposite wall could prove overbearing in a room scheme. But you also do not want a sofa that is too small. One approach to getting the right proportions is to aim for a sofa that’s about two-thirds of the wall length.
'It is possible to choose a smaller sofa, however, perhaps influenced by the pieces of furniture nearby. ‘When scaling a sofa to a room – as a rule of thumb – we tend to make the sofa half the size of the wall it is going on. This will allow the space around it to breathe – and also accommodate space for side tables with lamps on either side,’ says interior designer Bee Osborn of Studio Osborn
While the dimensions of the living room are an essential factor when choosing the right sofa, how the room is used will also influence which sofa size is best for your space. ;
When a room is used largely for entertaining visitors, two sofas facing one another can prove more sociable than one large version that puts sitters in a line. The sofas will accordingly need sizing down with adequate space between and around them. ;

PVC Straight Edge Tile Trim
PVC Tile Trim ;is an extruded square edge PVC tile trim for giving a protective and neat finish to tiled corners and edges. Features a perforated anchoring leg for securing in the adhesive or mortar bed below the tiled surface. Comes in lengths of 2.5 meters.
PVC Straight Edge Tile Trim is best suited for interior use, not suitable for use in exterior applications or in areas that are continually exposed to strong chemicals, e.g. swimming pools and commercial kitchens. Ideal for use with thin ceramic tiles on wall applications.
This trim is available in 5 different colors to suit a wide range of tiles and grout colors: White, Black, Light Grey, Jasmine, and Ivory. Comes in depths of 12mm, 10mm, 8mm, 6mm, and 4.5mm. However, not all colors are available with a 4.5mm internal height.

Know More About the Various Kind of Stainless Steel Tile Trim
Stainless steel tile trim ;also, edging designs are accessible through a spread of power and shadings. The greatest typical sizes utilized are 6 - 8mm. Nowadays, we've medium to large organized tiles, and nine - 12mm trims are widely being utilized inside the business sectors. Vertex 50 2140 Plastic Pipe and Trim Cutter, smaller than expected hacksaw & miter holder set, 4 Piece proficient apparatus Set is straightforward stuff accessible for tile trims and fitting. White or gentle pastel shades to closest coordinate with the tiles or grout tone are the greatest normally utilized shades in various areas.

There is Color stainless steel, what's more, edging designs are accessible a spread of force and tones. The most extreme typical sizes utilized are 6 - 8mm. Nowadays, we have medium to huge organization tiles, nine - 12mm trims are broadly being utilized inside the business sectors. Vertex 50 2140 Plastic Pipe and Trim Cutter, smaller than normal hacksaw & miter compartment set, 4 Piece proficient apparatus Set are straightforward stuff accessible for tile trims and fitting. White or gentle pastel shades to closest coordinate with the tiles or grout tone are the most extreme ordinarily utilized shades in various areas.
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A brushed stainless steel sheet additionally can be laid with a point of view of forty five° to give a lovely completion to a rectangular corner. Tile manages additionally incorporate rectangular shape for use with mosaic tiles with 3mm in thickness not really set in stone in chrome steel. Ground tile trims and edging are particularly utilized for connecting between the tile and different covers alongside vinyl, rug, and wood. There are stand-out methods of cutting tile management. The normal and the fine way is to apply a little toothed saw or miter holder.

How to design a child's bedroom
The sky really is the limit when it comes to decorating kids rooms; it's a chance to be creative, have some fun and decorate in a way you probably wouldn't in any other room in the house. Although the bedroom may start as simply a place for your child to sleep, it could soon become a playroom, a place to study, socialize and even retreat to - so it's important that it works for all of these purposes and grows with them.
Furniture
When it comes to buying furniture for your little one's room, always choose the sturdiest option. Kids will climb and clamber, so choose products that will last. You may have set your heart on that pretty antique commode, but put it in your bedroom, not theirs. Look to IKEA for staples that can be customized as they grow, or sold back to the shop when you no longer need them with their new 'Buy Back' scheme.
As for the bed, plan in advance; don't forget children grow quickly, so that sweet little bed that they look adorable in now isn't worth the investment if they can't fit into it in two years' time. Think practically too, a pretty princess bed can be re-painted but a themed sailor bed is less easy to adapt. Bunk beds are a great option; even if siblings aren't sharing, it will allow them to have their friends over and most children love them. Alternatively, choose a full-size bed that will carry them through to their teenage years but opt for age-appropriate bed linen.

Abrasives
How do abrasives work?
Abrasive materials ;are hard crystals that are either found in nature or manufactured. The most commonly used materials are aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, and diamond.
Other materials such as garnet, zirconia, glass, and even walnut shells are used for special applications.
Abrasives are primarily used in metalworking because their grains can penetrate even the hardest metals and alloys. However, their great hardness also makes them suitable for working with such other hard materials as stones, glass, and certain types of plastics. Abrasives are also used with relatively soft materials, including wood and rubber because their use permits high stock removal, long-lasting cutting ability, good form control, and fine finishing.

Applications for abrasives generally fall into the following categories: 1) cleaning of surfaces and the coarse removal of excess material, such as rough off-hand grinding in foundries; 2) shaping, as in form grinding and tool sharpening; 3) sizing, primarily in precision grinding; and 4) separating, as in cut-off or slicing operations.

Significance & Importance Of Bathroom Accessories In Our Daily Life
Let’s have a look at some important Bathroom Equipment used in daily life:
Bathroom taps — Bathroom taps are required to get the water flow we use daily. These are as important as electricity, without it our basic bathroom tasks are incomplete. Long gone are the times wherein we use to fetch water from a nearby river and in our modern days, we use to get a direct flow of water at the turn of a tap. These are available in different sizes and styles and ensure different features. If a bathroom basin has two holes, then one can choose the separate hot and cold taps. In another case, if a basin has not been constructed with pre-drilled tap holes, instead of drilling it, opt for floor-standing taps, or wall-mounted taps.
Health faucets — Health faucets are the significant bathroom accessories used to add by people in their bathrooms in the modern days. It is a source of water used for cleaning the area after urination and defecation. These bathroom faucets are really important as these result in being hygienic and compact. In fact, our modern market has included a vast collection of these bathroom additions. Try to choose those health faucets from the market or online which will ensure you a long life use.
Soap dishes — The soap dish is an important bathroom accessory used in our bathrooms. Earlier days, people used to keep their soaps in any place at the bathroom which got dust particles and sometimes, even not able to find whenever required. Wide varieties of soap dishes are available including single soap dishes, double soap dishes, soap dishes with tumblers, round soap dishes, and more.

Choosing Tactile Switches for Your Electronic Applications
A tact switch ;is a type of switch that is used every day but hardly ever seen. Hidden under every key of a computer keyboard, the tactile switch is small and thin, but features high reliability to ensure it will operate for years or even decades.
Tactile switches are small electromechanical devices that are designed to be mounted onto a printed circuit board (PCB). These products are compact with a low profile, meaning these do not rise high above the PCB, a vital attribute when considering the keyboards use for slim devices such as notebook computers.
Considering that space inside a keyboard is limited, the slim design means that tactile switches must compete with batteries, screens, and other components. To solve this, tactile switches are designed to be positioned side-by-side in a compact array, an attribute important for a keyboard.
The improvements made to the performance of smartphones and tablet computers make them a viable alternative to traditional computers. Tactile switches are small and convenient, suitable for touchscreens that utilize capacitive technology, which harnesses the electrical properties of the human body to function. For example, when a finger touches the screen, a tiny electrical charge is drawn to the point of contact, and the screen becomes a functioning capacitor. This in turn is detected as a push of a button.
Touchscreens are very thin, especially as there are no mechanical moving parts, and the technology is constantly improving to make them thinner still. With the constant improvement of touchscreens, why are manufacturers not making computer keyboards using capacitive technology? The answer to that question is the feel of keyboard keys, sometimes described using the word haptics.
Despite the capabilities of touchscreens, these are hard and unforgiving. While there are many advantages of this smooth, flat surface - these are easy to clean and provide an effective complement for high definition displays - these provide no feedback to the user, showing why the tactile switch is so useful.

What Does a Microswitch Do?
The main job is to turn on or off the flow of electricity in an electrical circuit. These devices are used in all types of equipment, from kitchen appliances to sophisticated industrial machines. A little bit of background on the device will help explain how it works.
A micro switch ;is a type of switch that can be mechanical or electronic. Its simplest form is a toggle switch with a spring-loaded lever with two positions, one on and one-off. The lever rests in the center position until a force is applied to push it toward the on or off position.
When the lever is pushed, a set of contacts makes or breaks an electrical connection in the circuit some versions of this device use moving contacts. In contrast, others use stationary contacts and moving conductors.

Where Is a Micro Switch Used?
A microswitch is used in a variety of industrial applications. The most common use of micro switches is an on/off switch, allowing the user to remotely turn something on or off through a sensor, actuator, or another device.
Other uses include providing an analog input, where an input voltage can be converted to an output voltage proportional to the input voltage and proportional to changes in the input voltage.
Microswitches can control electrical devices, such as motors, lights, relays, and sensors. Microswitches are also used in robotics, where they are typically called actuators because they provide motion instead of turning on and off. One example is a microswitch attached to a robot arm. When the arm rotates, it turns on and off several motors that move the arm.

Toggle-Switch Guidelines
Toggle switches ;are digital on/off switches. They prompt users to choose between two mutually exclusive options and always have a default value. Toggles should provide immediate results, giving users the freedom to control their preferences as needed.
Toggle switches should take immediate effect and should not require the user to click Save or Submit to apply the new state. As always, we should strive to match the system to the real world. Consider my tea kettle: I should not have to flip the switch off and unplug the cord to experience the change in state. Consequently, users expect the same immediate results from a digital toggle as they do from their real-world counterparts (e.g., light switches). Immediate results are a facet of toggle switches that grants users the freedom and control to update their preferences as needed.

The Injection Moulding Cycle
The modern-day process has developed and matured significantly to the level where fully automated, closed-loop, microprocessor-controlled machines are the 'norm', although in principle injection moluding is still a relatively simple process. Thermoplastic injection mould ;requires the transfer of the polymeric material in powder or granule form from a feed hopper to a heated barrel. In the barrel, the thermoplastic is melted and then injected into a mould with some form of plunger arrangement. The mould is clamped shut under pressure within a platen arrangement and is held at a temperature well below the thermoplastic melt point. The molten thermoplastic solidifies quickly within the mould, allowing ejection of the component after a pre-determined period of cooling time. The basic injection moulding process steps with a reciprocating screw machine are as follows.

More about Plastic Caps ; ;
Plastic caps are found on everything from soda bottles to shipping containers. Manufacturers produce them in a near-endless array of sizes, shapes, and colors, from a wide range of plastics.

Types of Plastic Caps
Plastic caps are not only used in the food and beverage industry, however. Furniture design, chemical storage, medical supplies, and electronic supplies all use forms of plastic caps. Even a camera lens cap is a specialized shape and design of a plastic cap. Medicine bottles feature another specialized design that offers both child safety and storage benefits. Spice and salt containers feature another type of specialized cap sifter that allows users to generate a specific flow from the container.
The art and cosmetics industries also rely on plastic caps to package a wide assortment of products. Plastic glue caps can feature an attached brush or a closable seal, while makeup (from lipstick to eyeliner) is packaged with many varieties of custom and standard caps. Paint bottles, pens, and ink containers all utilize different sizes and shapes of plastic caps. Each industry demands different designs and qualities, and there are a surprising number of manufacturers able to meet the needs of these industries.

Plastic Cap Benefits
Like most common plastic products, plastic caps offer a number of advantages, including cost-effectiveness, durability, customizability, and chemical stability. In the many applications suited to plastic caps, these advantages amount to exceptional financial savings and commercial dependability.
For example, plastic caps provide the ideal economic solution to food and beverage storage. Properly applied caps can vacuum seal a container and supply consumers with an easy storage solution. They also make the package nearly tamper-proof. Produced in mass quantities, the cost of these caps to manufacturers is negligible. With a standardized set of bottles or another packaging, a single cap design can provide a top to an entire line of products. Soda bottles are an ideal example of this concept, and any look at a soda company’s product line will illustrate the flexibility of a single cap design.

What is a Rocker Switch?
Rocker switches ;are among the most familiar switch types you will encounter. The definition simply requires that the switching part of the mechanism rocks between two or more positions when pressed. As one end raises, the other lower. They are also sometimes called see-saw switches.
Rocker switches can be contrasted with toggle or trip switches. With toggle switches, changing the switch position usually involves moving a small lever up or down, where it clicks into place. Rockers are not designed to move around in their housing this way. Instead, they just tilt back and forth around a central pivot point.
Choices of position for a rocker switch will often be limited to on/off, but some types may have three or more options to choose from. It is not uncommon for them to use a central off position, although switches with this feature tend to be more widely used in industrial settings as opposed to domestic ones.

Hino Genuine Parts: Truck Spare Parts You Should Have For Long-Term Performance
Similar to most businesses these days, many truck owners are also finding ways to stay competitive even with tight margins. So, it’s only natural that some are looking into using non-genuine vehicle parts to save some cash.

Our Genuine Parts Better?
Genuine Hino parts are auto components installed in a vehicle when it was first manufactured. They are built with the same exacting quality, durability, and reliability standards that every Hino truck is built to. These Hino parts are primarily more expensive compared to OEM products because they carry the company’s logo. However, despite the price, purchasing genuine products guarantees that you will have the same quality and durability as your vehicle.
With the many factors, you need to consider when buying Hino dealer parts, it’s always best to check out your options and create a comparison so you can make the right decision.

Do Aftermarket Parts Decrease Value?
Once the car has been completed, companies can start manufacturing Hino parts that’ll be suitable replacements for the said model. To do this, they need to purchase the rights to manufacture them. ;
You can expect that the aftermarket Hino parts will not always precisely look like genuine parts or OEM. Also, most aftermarket mods will depreciate, together with your vehicle’s value. ;
Nevertheless, if you want to ensure that you maximize the trade-in value of your car parts, then it’s highly advisable to avoid aftermarket parts done elsewhere than the factory. Doing vehicle upgrades using aftermarket products can potentially lower your vehicle’s overall market value.

What Is the Difference Between OEM and Genuine Parts?
OEM parts are components made by the manufacturer or produced by an external company to their specification. It means that these products are made separately from the vehicle during the manufacturing process. ;
Meanwhile, genuine Hino parts are components that came directly from the manufacturer supplied to its affiliates. These are parts initially installed in the car model when it leaves the factory. Primarily, they have higher prices compared to OEM because they carry the brand logo and its reputation. ;

Hino 700 Series 2848 vocational rigid: Review
Hino 700 Profia Parts On the road
Ergonomics were first-rate, with all controls and switches in easy reach. I particularly liked the mirror control layout, with well-separated knobs for the spotter and plane mirrors.
The pedal actions were well-matched. The go-pedal wasn’t too heavy or light and didn’t ‘bounce’ engine revs on rough roads. The stop-pedal action was powerful and progressive, but needed only for final stopping, thanks to the power of the Intarder.
The engine was highly responsive at our test weight of only 21 tonnes and fuel economy for Sydney-Brisbane of 3.14km/L reflected its effortless performance. However, our previous tests at 42.5 tonnes gross mass showed that 2848 was often happy with a half-gear downshift on highway grades and even in steep country I didn’t even need more than a whole gear drop at a time.
Warm weather didn’t provoke the fan into action at the low test GVM and on previous 42.5-tonnes-GCM tests it rarely kicked in. (When it did, it was much quieter than the fan in the 500 Series!)
2848 got up to highway cruising speed quickly and hit the ton with around 1700rpm on the clock. Gradeability was excellent and freeway undulations were handled in 16th most of the time.
Handling was well-controlled and predictable, with little cab sway, but the steering felt a tad light, without much cornering force feedback. The ride quality was very smooth.
The vision was as good as it gets. Large glass areas with triple windscreen wipers and superb, shake-free mirrors combined to give an excellent view of the outside world.

HINO 500 Parts
Every truck in a fleet is its driving force. It is the main tool for making money, so you can't afford downtime. When you need to repair your Hino 500, you want the right HINO 500 parts ;that will work without giving you trouble, and you need them to be in stock and ready to be shipped without delay. Because we know the importance of having your equipment up and running, we provide you with quality semi-truck products from the industry's largest manufacturers. Time is money in your business, so we ensure timely delivery to get your Hino 500 on the road faster. We also carry everything you may need to upgrade your semi-truck inside and out.
In this Hino parts catalog, you can also find some parts if you choose your car brand from the list below and then if you select the exact model with the year of manufacture and the type of engine. All the details are presented by categories and are grouped for convenience. In this online Hino parts store, you will be able to compare the prices of different suppliers and choose the appropriate option for you to order spare parts online.

Genuine Parts
Just like our trucks and buses, we’ve engineered our genuine parts with passion and precision, giving you the best in quality and reliability. With MITSUBISHI FUSO PARTS you can rest assured knowing your vehicle will see increased longevity, less downtime, and better resale value. By choosing FUSO Genuine Parts you’ll benefit from maximum performance and safety at all times. Contact your local Mitsubishi Fuso dealer for the quick supply of the genuine parts needed to keep your truck, and business, running at the top of its game.
Why FUSO Genuine Parts?
Lasting Durability
Our genuine parts have passed FUSO’s extremely demanding tests to ensure a high level of quality and durability.
Lasting Performance
Our genuine parts are designed exclusively for FUSO trucks and buses to ensure the best performance possible.

Genuine Accessories
FUSO’s comprehensive line of accessories provides over 300 parts for heavy, medium, and light-duty trucks and buses. Our Mitsubishi Fuso truck parts not only make your trucks look more attractive but can also help to improve fuel efficiencies and drivability. Contact your local Mitsubishi Fuso dealer for more information and parts available in your area to help make sure your truck or bus stands out from the crowd.
Why FUSO Genuine Accessories?
Attractive Lineup
A line-up for unsurpassed quality, elegance, and refinement.
High comfort
A line-up to ensure the highest driving comfort and customized design- tailored to individual requirements.
High Functionality
A line-up not only to ensure protection but also to boost functionality.
Customize your truck with “My FUSO” vehicle configurator
“My FUSO” ; lets you configure your ideal Super Great (HDT) by incorporating all major HDT body, cabin, and chassis variations as well as 76 Accessories, 6 Maker Options, and all 365 ‘Colored by Fuso’ paint colors. This 360-degree viewer can be accessed below. Please note that some of the vehicle models, options, and accessories in MY FUSO are applicable for Japan market only. Please contact your local distributor for details.

Let us tell you about Mitsubishi FUSO.
At Pacific Commercial Truck Solutions, we stand behind these powerful and durable commercial vehicles, because we know they’ll get the job done. Our customers confirm it!
High-powered performance isn’t the only reason we back Mitsubishi FUSO. Here are 4 reasons you’ll want to get your drivers into one of these trucks right away. ;

Fuel Economy
Fuel is an inevitable and unavoidable cost. However, you can lower your fuel costs if you purchase a fuel-efficient commercial vehicle.
FUSO offers two options: diesel and gas.
With either diesel or gas, FUSO beats Isuzu in terms of fuel economy. With diesel, FUSO is 7% better than Isuzu. With gasoline, FUSO is 10% better than Isuzu.
When you’re looking at a daily expense that considerably affects your total cost of ownership, it’s best to go with a commercial vehicle that will help lower fuel costs.
Regular commercial truck maintenance ensures that it’s always running in the best shape. When repairs are up to date, you can avoid major problems down the line.
Mitsubishi FUSO offers great reliability, resulting in far lower maintenance costs than its competitors. In fact, in a recent study by NationalLease, FUSO maintenance costs were 11% less than Isuzu.
Worker safety is paramount. In addition to the emotional and physical costs of worker injuries, you’d also be looking at hundreds of thousands of dollars in workers’ compensation claims and legal battles. ;
With Mitsubishi FUSO, you’ll have peace of mind. All of their trucks come with front and rear disc brakes that offer an additional safety margin. Comparatively, Isuzu offers front disc brakes, but only drum rear brakes.
A comprehensive warranty provides additional peace of mind. You don’t have to worry about repair costs, and you can rest easy knowing your vehicle is being repaired by those you trust. Plus, you can also reduce downtime and increase your productivity with a vehicle that has a comprehensive warranty.

Carbon Full Bike
How are Carbon Full Bike frames made?
Carbon Full Bike is made from weaving carbon fiber strands and then setting them within a hard epoxy resin, carbon road bike frames are very light, strong, and reasonably stiff. The material is also easy to craft into aerodynamic shapes and allows engineers to really play with variable strength or flex in crucial areas around the bike.
1. It’s lighter, of course
The first thing people think of is the weight, and yes carbon fiber in bikes makes the lightest bike frames. The fibrous nature of the material allows frame builders to adjust stiffness and compliance by aligning the carbon layers in varying ways. For example, the carbon fiber bike frame will have stiffness in the bottom bracket and head tube areas for power delivery and control, and compliance in the seat tube and stays for rider comfort.
When comparing carbon fiber vs aluminum road bike frames for our range - ; this translates to a .53kg weight saving when comparing our Vantage Endurance 2.0 (aluminum) to the Vantage Comp 1.0 (carbon fiber) road bikes. As always though, the best way to shave significant weight off your bike is to train more!
2. It makes for a smoother, more comfortable ride
The main benefit for non-competitive riders is the comfort of a carbon bike frame. Where aluminum transfers vibration and shock through the bike, the carbon bike fork benefits from vibration damping qualities that give a smoother ride. If you’re not ready for a full carbon rig though, you can mitigate some of the vibration experienced from an alloy frame by fitting wider tires and choosing a bike with a carbon bike fork.
3. It’s stronger and more durable
Technical improvements in the weave and epoxy, and the ability of designers to build strength in frame areas where it is needed most, mean carbon can now be used to build a very durable bike frame. In fact, carbon road bike frames have been shown to outperform alloy in lab testing and you can now even buy a carbon downhill mountain bike with good impact resistance.
User error is the biggest cause of carbon frame damage with snapped bidon cage lugs being top of the list (over-tightening screws when attaching a bidon cage). The other common issues are not having enough seat posts in the frame (buy the correct size frame and pay attention to the MIN/MAX line on your seat post) and when riders using car racks clamp the top tube and over-tighten the clamps. These failures do not signify a problem with the frame…
4. It's an extremely stable material
Carbon fiber road bike frames used to be susceptible to UV damage, but this is no longer an issue as quality frames made these days contain UV stabilizers. Also, don’t worry when using bike wash on your new carbon frame – compared with steel or aluminum, carbon is an inert material and not susceptible to chemical corrosion or salt damage.

What Are The Main Benefits of a Carbon Bicycle Fork?
Lightweight
Carbon has a crystalline structure. This means that the molecules and atoms forming it are held together in a highly ordered three-dimensional pattern which results in great structural integrity.
This sophisticated architecture allows carbon to sustain a lot of tension before breaking while simultaneously having a notably lower density and consequently weight than steel, aluminum, and titanium.
Ultimately, the weight reduction that carbon can provide is around 20-50%.
For instance, a light Chromoly MTB fork weighs approximately 1080 grams (e.g., Salsa CroMoto Grande) whereas one made of carbon is 660g (e.g., Ritchey WCS Carbon). The Carbon Bicycle Fork ;is 39% lighter.
If we compare a steel road fork to a carbon one, the weight savings rise even more because road forks don’t have to be as strong as those designed for off-road.

Background & History of Carbon Wheels
What is carbon fiber?
Carbon fiber originated in the aerospace industry. It is made of loose fibers composed of carbon atoms that are then suspended in resin to create a solid material. Carbon fibers are fibers about 5 to 10 micrometers in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. Carbon fibers have several advantages including high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and low thermal expansion.

How is a carbon fiber wheelset made?
Carbon fiber wheelsets ;are made of two components; carbon fiber and epoxy resin. When molding a carbon fiber wheel, pieces of pre-preg carbon fiber are laid into molds. Pre-preg is raw carbon fiber that is impregnated with an epoxy resin. Prior to the invention of pre-preg, raw carbon fiber was laid in place and epoxy resin was applied over the carbon fiber, which was a messy and difficult process. Pre-preg makes for a much cleaner and workable manufacturing process.
Once the pre-preg carbon is laid in the mold, it is placed in an oven where it goes through a prescribed heating cycle known as a ramp cycle. ;

Carbon Vs Aluminum Bike Frame: Pros and Cons
The frame is arguably the most important component of the bicycle. Without it, you just have a pile of parts. When it comes to choosing a frame, one of the most important considerations is the material it is made of. This guide outlines the pros and cons of carbon vs aluminum bike frames. We’ll compare the weight, durability, handling, efficiency, comfort, cost, longevity, and more to help you decide which frame material is best for your next bike. This guide covers both mountain and road bikes.
Carbon Road Frame
Carbon fiber is basically plastic that is reinforced with super-strong fibers. The material was originally developed for use in the aerospace industry where parts need to be as light and strong as possible. It offers an incredibly high strength to weight ratio. It is also extremely rigid.
Carbon fiber is made by processing a polymer into strings or filaments of carbon atoms that measure 5-10 microns in diameter. Thousands of these filaments are combined to form a tow or ribbon. Tows are bonded together with an epoxy resin. The carbon and resin material is called a composite. Composites are layered into a laminate.
This material is then shaped into bike frames using molds and heat. Manufacturers use a number of different techniques. Some frames are made by bonding together individual carbon fiber tubes with a type of glued insert. Some high-end carbon bikes use modified monocoque construction. This means that the head tube, downtube, top tube, and seat tube consist of one continuous piece.
There is a lot of variation in the way that carbon road frames ;are built as well as the way the carbon fiber itself is made. For example, the type of resin used, the thickness of the layers, the construction style, the way the material is heated, the direction of the fibers, the grade of carbon fiber, and the density and types of fibers used all play a role in the ride characteristics, durability, stiffness, and comfort of the finished frame.

Guide for gravel bike frames 2022
A carbon gravel frame ;is one of the most important parts of a gravel bike, it is necessary to introduce all its features of it. ;

The features of the gravel frame
The first thing you’ll notice is that a gravel frameset is light and fast. You don’t have to go fast, but you probably will…These bikes are made to be ridden fast on any type of terrain while being nice and comfortable.
This brings me to my second point: you can go anywhere, anytime. This versatile machine can handle almost anything you throw at it: long road stretches, a gravel path you just discovered, a beaten-up tarmac strip… And the best part is you can start right at your doorstep.
Although a gravel frame has a similar riding position as a road bike, the geometry is less aggressive and more focused on long-distance comfort.
But this can only do one thing: you’ll have fun on this bike. This bike is not meant to race, not to chase your next KOM but just to enjoy the adventure of exploring, riding together with friends, and telling everybody what you saw on your last ride.

Which gravel frame is right for you?
When choosing or building a new gravel bike frame, there are a thousand different options, but you must think about what you want to do and where you want to ride.

All-Road frame
This is the all-rounder frame of gravel bikes and they make up the largest part of the gravel-bike market. These bikes are usually equipped with carbon frames which means that they are light and easy to handle.


Adventure gravel framesets
This category of gravel bike frames gets its biggest influence from mountain bikes with an even slacker head angle and wider wheelbase than an All-Road bike. The frame and fork are large enough to accommodate an even larger tire, sometimes even up to a 2.1” XC tire on 29er wheels.

What is a Baling Press?
A bale press ;is a dedicated waste management machine that compresses recyclable materials such as paper, cardboard, and plastic, into dense, manageable bundles (bales). Also called a baler or baling machine, a baling press is a large steel chamber with a pressing plate that runs up and down to press the material inside. ;
The press creates thick, compressed bales that are then collected by waste collection companies who send them to recycling companies for resale and reuse.
A baling press is typically only used for recyclable materials: paper & cardboard, plastic, polystyrene, cans and drums, metal, and glass, though they can be used to press unorthodox materials such as car bumpers or clothes.
They are mostly used in commercial and industrial sectors by businesses that generate this type of waste in their production/daily operation and want to dispose of them in a more sustainable manner. Food production factories, hotels, supermarkets, wholesalers, warehouses, and restaurants are just a few examples of sectors where the use of baling presses has increased exponentially in the past years.

Balers also come in many sizes, so that small and large businesses alike can dispose of waste more effectively and enjoy these benefits:
Increased portability The baling press compacts the waste into regularly shaped blocks, which are then strapped. This way, the collection company can easily move them around.
Sustainability Instead of being sent to the landfill, all the waste is recycled, which reduces pollution and helps preserve resources.
Save money Baled waste takes up less space, which reduces waste removal costs. Moreover, many companies pay for recyclable materials, so balers can even turn into a source of revenue.
Health & safety Compacted waste reduces the risk of a safety hazard and creates a cleaner environment for employees.
Boost business reputation More and more consumers demand sustainable practices from the companies they work with. Recycling business waste sustainably can improve your reputation by showing that you care about the environmental footprint of your business.

Woven automatic fabric spreading machine
Features of ;Woven Fabric Machine
One way spreading press cloth device (for light and thin woven fabric, automatic pressing, reducing labor intensity, and improving spreading efficiency) ; ; ;
Servo automatically follows the transmission device of driving cloth feeding roller, precisely matches with the main servo, perfectly realizes tension-free fabric spreading, intelligently automatically adjusts the tightness, and the edge to ; edge spreading accuracy is controlled within 5 mm ; ;
Intelligent adjustment elastic device（The machine will ; return back to its original position once the fabric finishing, no need for manual intervention） ; ; ;
Option
Photoelectric anti-collision device(Photoelectric anti-collision system with distance setting, automatically captures and recognizes obstacles in the working process by photoelectric, and automatically stops in advance) ; ;
Suitable for ; ; ;
General woven fabric. Such as Coated cloth, trousers, jackets, denim ;

Automatic Big Bag Cutting Machine
C1300 and C2000 are machines for highly automated cutting of woven polyethylene for FIBCs (Super Sacks), which allow for the hole, cross, and one loop cutting, and feature additional modules for cold cutting and baffle bag cutting.
Automatic Big Bag Fabric Cutting Machine
This highly automated machine cuts all the pieces required to make Big Bags. Loading and unloading openings, bodies, and covers with or without holes. A central controller enables easy programming of cutting lengths and quantities to cut so that one worker can deliver high throughput without effort.
Big Bag cutting machines are the key to woven polyethylene manufacturers.
In the 2 maximum 1300 and 2000 mm standard fabric widths, C1300and C2000 they can be fitted with a variety of accessories to manufacture an entire range of cut pieces and meet the current market demand.
If allows for the usual “O” or “X” cutting, the straight longitudinal cut to manufacture One Loop Big Bags, and the continuous window to manufacture compartmentalized Big Bags (Baffle bags or Q Bags).
As to baffle bags, the accessory designed by Simplemak® enables continuous cutting by pulling the piece from the cutting machine to get a production cost-free finished piece, since the machine cuts it simultaneously with the usual cut.
Other accessories, such as double roll lifting device, edge guiding device, and cold cutting (ideal for laminated fabric), turn it into the most complete configurable machine available on the market.
For throughput lower than 7000 Big Bags/month, we developed a semi-automatic cutting table [MC2000] that handles every cutting process both easily and inexpensively.

Big Bag FIBC IBB Printer
Big Bag Printing Presses ;are machines designed to print woven polypropylene fabric. These machines require “piece by piece” feeding.
Two printing drum diameters create two different product lines: a 2000 mm printing repeat [IBB] and a 900 mm printing repeat [IBB-D900].
The 900 mm printing repeat printer enables 2 consecutive prints on the same big bag and in a single run. Therefore, it can print 4-printed side big bags in just 2 runs.
The printer features a plate position calibration system that enables positioning between colors with no need to remove and replace the plate.
This adjustment, which became an innovation in the piece-by-piece printing system, enables both longitudinal and cross positioning, which can be performed during machine operation.
Additionally, every printer has an electronic printing speed control for the worker to set the unit at optimum speed.
A remote button located on the third drum helps turn the drums up to any position for easy printing plate exchange.

FOXSEW FIBC Big Bag Sewing Machine FX-K81300, Safety Stitch FIBC Big Bag Jumbo Bag Sewing Machine
Safety stitch machine with lower feed and alternating upper feed for container bag
Two-needle machine four thread safety stitch machine. Lower and upper feed. Adjusted for polypropylene sewing threads for matched seaming of very heavy bag fabrics made of jute, burlap or woven polypropylene with a 10 mm wide overedge stitch on the fabric edge and in a distance of 5mm (13 gauge) to this with an additional double locked stitch.
Double-needle four thread safety stitch; Upper and lower feed with pneumatically operated presser foot and upper feed dog lifter; Guides for polypropylene filler cord from the top and/or from below for sealing the needle punctures of the left needle; Capacity up to 19mm, special for side seaming on the heavy big bag; 5mm from needle to needle, overedge width 10mm, total 15mm.
Safety stitch 401.502 (one double thread chain stitch and one overedge stitch); Adjustable stitch length from 6 to 13mm; Built-in walking foot feed system; Main parts apply copper alloy and high duty alloy; Easy maintenance semi-closed structure; Manual lubricating with built-in sight feed oiler; Built-in electro-pneumatically operated presser foot and upper feed dog lifter; Closed type rolling beating apply in every crankshaft; Well assembly quality, ensure the stable running and long service life; High-level big bag sewing machine ;for all sorts of material with different weights inside sewing for big bag; The needle positioner is provided by Servo motor drove unit with the very comfortable operation.
This FIBC Big bag sewing machine is supplied with guides for filler cord from the top and/or from below for sealing the needle punctures of the left needle. High needle stroke sewing machine for very strong side seams in the production of very heavyweight jute, burlap, or woven polypropylene bags (container bags).
This Big Bag and Container bag making machine are interchangeable with Union Special 81300 series TWO NEEDLE FOUR THREAD SAFETY STITCH MACHINES with Lower and Upper Feed:

PAPER BAG MAKING MACHINE
A square bottom paper bag making machine ;is used to produce shopping bags, grocery bags, food bags, paper bags with handles, and stylish bags used for gifts. It has various advantages such as high production, quick changeover, operator-friendly, and fully automatic. Paper Bag Making Machine

BAG MAKING MACHINE
This machine is a revolutionary machine, which is mastered to produce the finest quality paper bags with or without a side gusset. These paper bags can be produced in different sizes and have got wide usage in groceries, packing, food confectionary, stuff, tea powder, medical field. Paper Bag Making Machine.

Carbon Steel Bearings ;
Also called ‘commercial grade’, carbon steel is not stainless steel in that it instead features a carbon element of up to 2.1% in weight. The higher the carbon content, the stronger the bearing. With this, however, it becomes less ductile, has a lower melting point, and can’t operate large loads or high speeds.
The benefits of using carbon steel bearings include being the cheapest bearing material for use as well as its hardness.
This type of bearing made with carbon is commonly seen in rolling draws, locks, bikes, roller skates, and shopping carts.

Chrome Steel Bearings ;
Another type of steel bearing is the chrome steel bearing ;and it is one of the most prominent types of bearing components and materials due to the affordable costs, high hardness level, and quieter operating volume. Despite what the name might suggest, a chrome steel bearing has a low chromium level within the steel compound.
With this, the benefits of using a chrome steel bearing end with the high hardness, high-load capacity, low decibel, affordable cost, and wide accessibility. However, it requires the maintenance of lubrication and is not resistant to corrosion or chemicals.
As one of the most commonly sourced bearings the bearing supplier in Singapore and around the world, it has a wide range of industry applications. For example, vibrating motor systems, food processing machines, and linear motion components.

Motorcycle Bearing
Large numbers of bearings are used in motorcycles. Actual numbers will vary depending on the model and other structural factors, but a single motorcycle will have between 20 and 30 bearings built in. These bearings are used in key revolving parts, supporting the vehicle's running, including in the engine, the transmission, and the wheels. They help to reduce friction and to ensure that the motive power of the engine is reliably transmitted to the wheels.
The functions demanded of motorcycle bearings ;include facilitating a smooth ride due to low friction and vibration and ensuring durability. These factors have an influence on fuel consumption and safety, things that have a close relationship to our lives. NSK keeps these points in mind in its product development and optimizes design to improve people's lives and protect the global environment.
Motorcycles have become popular all over the world as a convenient means of transportation, and wherever they are found there will always be bearings rotating. People can appreciate NSK bearings and the technologies involved; the bearings are crucial for the pleasant sound of the engine and the smooth, powerful running of the bike. NSK responds to the eternal desire of riders around the globe for an exhilarating but comfortable ride and easy handling, and the company also makes a contribution to motorcycle reliability and safety. NSK continues to pursue smoothness in bearing rotation and paves the way toward a future where everyone will be able to enjoy smoother rides with reduced power losses.

Bicycle bearings: everything you need to know
Bearings often-overlooked components that actually bring life to your bicycle. You can’t steer, roll, pedal or have a functioning drivetrain without bearings.
Bicycle bearings ;are found in your hubs, bottom bracket, headset, suspension pivots, pedals, shifters… the list goes on – basically, anything that moves on your bike will have some kind of bearing in it.

The different types of bearing used on a bike
Loose ball, caged ball, bushings, needle, and cartridge are the main styles of bearing founds in cycling frames and components. Here, we explain how each type of bearing differs from another.
Bushings
A bushing (also known as a bush, or sleeve bearing) is a type of plain bearing used in shock mounts, cheaper pulley wheels, and shifters.
A bushing is the simplest type of bearing and is just a sleeve that sits between two surfaces to reduce friction.
Loose ball bearings (also known as ‘cup and cone bearings)
The tried-and-true loose-ball hub designs have lasted decades and make for easily serviceable systems. ;
Loose ball bearings are commonly used everywhere on entry-level bikes, including hubs, bottom brackets, and headsets.
Although they’re the oldest, in many ways they can be superior. They are angular contact, relatively easy to maintain, and can perform exceptionally if well-adjusted.
A ball-and-retainer system is similar to a loose-ball setup but makes for less expensive assembly, and is thus favorable on entry-level components
Cartridge bearings
This cartridge system is a radial system where the application is anticipated to be vertical, but this is rarely the case on a bicycle
Cartridge bearings are the most common type of bearing used on anything but the very cheapest bikes.
These are a one-piece unit that is, usually, pressed into a bearing bore.
Cartridge systems require precision to function well but, as manufacturing technology has moved on, they have become increasingly used as a result of ever-increasing tolerances in the hub, frame, and component bores.
Needle bearings
If you look very closely, you can see a row of needle bearings inside these Speedplay Zero pedals.
Needle bearings, which are also known as roller bearings, are relatively uncommon in the cycling world.
The exception is pedals and very occasionally in headsets, but even then they’ve lost a lot of ground to newer and cheaper tech.
In a needle bearing, instead of ball bearings, the bearings themselves are cylindrical.

AGRICULTURAL BEARINGS
Our bearings for the agricultural industry provide the highest level of performance. Perfect knowledge of the sector and of your business needs means that we can provide you with the best solution to meet your requirements.
Agricultural bearings: NTN-SNR offers the best
By providing innovative solutions, Agricultural Machinery Bearing ;will meet all of your requirements and simplify the management of your agricultural equipment.
Increased service life
Our bearings have been designed to meet the requirements of agricultural equipment: higher speeds on the road, an increase in transmitted power, reduced size (downsizing)
Increased machine performance
Our bearings are designed for all types of environments and all types of machines. Improve the performance of your equipment by using products that have been specially designed for each application.
Lower maintenance costs
Our bearings are developed to withstand harsh environments. They ensure greater robustness and reliability. No downtime during periods of intensive work.

Toy Bearing
Toys such as radio-controlled cars, yo-yos, skateboards, tops, scooters, roller skates, and jump ropes all rely on bearings for their overall functionality. The same types of bearings that are so important for industrial applications also play a vital role in the design and structure of toys. Whether steel, ceramic, 7mm, 8mm, or 608 bearings, many gifts would never function at all without bearings.
Applications that Keep the Fun Rolling (or Spinning)
Sealed ball bearings of all different sizes are vital for remote-controlled cars. They allow operators to steer cars freely and for engines to work at high speeds.
Another toy that utilizes bearings for high performance is the yo-yo; ball bearings reduce friction while a yo-yo spins at the end of the string. Enthusiasts have used yo-yos with steel bearings for decades, but for even better performance and corrosion prevention, some yo-yos are made with ceramic, instead of steel, bearings.
There are other toys that use toy bearings, as well; ones that you wouldn’t necessarily expect to need them. For instance, many spinning tops utilize independent ball bearings to help them spin on any surface. Even top-of-the-line jump ropes have ball bearings — they often use precision and swivel ball bearings that eliminate friction and maximize the rotation speed of the rope.
Travel in Style
Why settle for walking when you can skate? Any toy with wheels will need bearings for functional, safe, and efficient operation.
Skateboards rely on 608 standard bearings to eliminate friction between the metal in each wheel and the axle it spins around. The scooter, a popular toy, is evolving into a serious mode of transportation. Both sealed and shielded bearings are used to provide maximum protection during outdoor use. Roller skating, one of the oldest recreational pastimes, would be impossible without bearings — two bearings are used per wheel to allow it to move freely.

Things That Should Be In Toolbox
Every home deserves a toolbox, and you can pick one up through any reputable online or brick-and-mortar hardware store. But what actually goes into your toolbox? That can be a surprisingly hard list to make – you don’t want to spend the Earth or feel inundated with gadgets, but neither do you want to find yourself missing the right tool for the right job.
Luckily enough, your toolbox doesn’t need to be overflowing to be fully stocked with all the essentials – in fact, any toolbox worth its salt is built around just 10 fundamental items.
Having the right equipment to hand means being able to respond to essential jobs around the home and put together your flat-pack furniture in a flash – you’ll even have all the necessaries if conducting major home improvements starts to appeal to you, but you don’t have to collect the whole hardware store to feel confident in your DIY-ing ability.
Here’s a quick rundown of your essential items. You’ll learn where to use them, how to use them, which ones to pick, and the ins and outs of storage – by the end of this post, expect to be well-versed, well-prepared, and ready to get started.
Essentially just a metal rod with a shape at its head, the humble screwdriver is used to get screws in, get screws out, and, more often than not, to lever lids away from paint pots. Screwdrivers are rarely a one-shot deal. There are differences in heads and differences in size, but you can basically break the essentials down into:

• Slot Head: The head tapers to a single wedge that’s perfect for simple slotted screws. Blades are measured by fractions of inch.
  
  
• Philips Head: The head fits into cross-shape-headed screws, with sizes varying between #0 and #4.
  
  
• Allen Head: The head fits into a hexagonal shape and is measured in millimeters.
  

Uses & benefits of laminator
A laminator or laminating machine can help keep those documents or photos safe and protected for years of use. The best-known uses for lamination are ID cards and restaurant menus. However, whenever you have flat materials you need to protect, enhance or reuse, then lamination can be the way to go.
A laminator is a good investment if you have many important documents that must be protected from dust, damp and damage, but also need to be handled frequently. Lamination also stiffens the material, making it excellent for creating table top displays and hanging posters/signs.
A laminator can help you keep important paper cards from ripping or getting wet. Some like to keep old newspaper clips and school draws or cards from the kids. Keep things from aging and be able to pull them out anytime you want to go down memory lane. Laminate those photos and such then make a scrapbook out of them later. You can do some many things with a laminator. Storing them is easy and you don't have to worry about the papers or photos turning yellow after they have been in boxes.
Laminators have been used to seal historical documents in plastic to protect them from ageing. Such lamination is more common with documents from 150 to 250 years ago, as older documents are too fragile for lamination, and younger documents are usually already effectively filed safely
There are two types of laminator. Pouch laminators and roll laminators (which uses sheets or rolls of plastic to laminate large documents). Lamination pouches can be supplied in a range of sizes. Rolls of plastic sheeting are also available for roll laminators
Pouch laminators are commonly seen in schools, homes, churches, restaurants and other businesses for laminating photographs, business cards, photo IDs, menus and more.
You can use pouch laminators for your cards or photos. These fit in your purse or wallet with ease or store them. If you have bigger jobs then you will need a machine to do the job. They are easy and fast to use. Whether you need it for school work, office work, or just those things at home. You can benefit from having one should you need it.
Laminating is a low cost way to protect and preserve everything from ID cards to restaurant menus. Any flat material, documents, photographs, parking passes, etc. that you need to protect from abrasion, moisture, fingerprints and wear and tear from handling can be protected by laminating it.
It doesn't take long to laminate those photos or papers of your kids. Just a few moments that can last you a lifetime and let you use them over and over again. Schools love having thing laminated for they are easy to wipe off and the kids can use them again and again.
Lamination also improves the appearance of your materials in a variety of ways. For example, laminating a brochure deepers and brightens colors. It enhances contrast. Lamination gives your materials a finished, professional look of quality. Materials that are laminated just look better
Wide format Laminating: Lamination is an important component of big colour because of the cost factors associated with wide format printing. Wide format printing is a substantial investment. These prints are not expendable and need to have an extended lifetime to justify the costs. Lamination protects, enhances and extends the life of the print.
What is Roll Laminating Film?
When you’re on a roll, you don’t want to stop or slow down! Laminating film lets you run several documents through your laminator without needing to stop the machine. But what exactly is the film made out of?
Let’s get technical. Laminating film is made of a base film, such as polyester or PVC, and is then coated with an adhesive. Adhesives can be activated either by thermal heat or by high-pressure. This coated film is wound around a cardboard core, which is loaded into your roll laminator.
Generally, roll laminators use sets of two rolls – one on top and one on bottom. Your documents are fed in between these two rolls and the laminator uses heat and/or pressure to activate the adhesive, creating your laminated document.
Choosing the Right Laminating Film
Roll films can cover a wide variety of projects. Whether you’re laminating odd sized documents, like alphabet letters, or wide graphics, such as a window sign, there's the right film for you.
When selecting roll film, first think about the size of your laminator. Roll widths can vary between 12 inches and 64 inches. Make sure the size will fit in your machine.
Next, consider how flexible you want your laminated items to be. Mil thickness can range from 1.5 mil up to 10 mil. The higher the mil number, the more rigid your final document will become.
Finally, think about the finish on your laminated documents. Do you want glossy or matte items? Should they have a luster or textured quality? These decisions will help guide you through selecting the best film for your project.
Standard vs Low Temp Film
NAP I is standard type laminating film that is activated at 290F, while NAP II is a low temp film that activates at 230F. Learn more about the differences and the uses for each film type on our laminating film comparison page.
Thermal vs Pressure-Sensitive Film
Create quality results with either thermal or pressure-sensitive film. Both can form lasting protective bonds around your documents. The main differences depend on the document you want to laminate and the type of roll laminator you are using. Some documents may be sensitive to heat, which would make pressure-sensitive lamination your best choice, while some laminators may only support one type of film.
What Is Window Patching Machine?
What is window patching machine? It’s a good question!Window patching machine can save you a lot of trouble in gluing plastic film on the paper, then needn’t pay a lot of money hiring a lot of labor force manually patching the film on the box. Today we gonna take you for a closer look at this machine.
Window Patching Machine, also named window patcher, window pasting machine, window past machine, is a mechanical device used for sticking the plastic film on the cardboard or corrugated carton.
Development in the Plastic industry also boosts the packaging industry and make it more diversified. Customer can also choose box package that they can see products inside. Window Patching Machine was invented in this period. Who is the first one invented the window patching machine can’t be traced. Kohmann who was established in the 1950s is probably the first company claiming this business.
As the demand for window patching machine became larger, more factories in many other countries such as China, India, Japan, etc. are also try to gain a share in this market. One famous brand is Heiber+Schroeder from Germany, whose name is abbreviated as H+S.
In China, we, Hengtong, are one of the first manufactures specialized in making window patching machine. Established in 1987, we have more than 30 year’s experience in producing the machine. So the quality of our machine can be assured.
Different factories have different machine design, but in general, they share the same structural frame. Let us break the machine down.
Take our machine for example.
All machines have at least 5 parts, namely paper delivering, paper sending, gluing section, Film patching& pressing unit, as well as collecting device. Some may add optional functions like film cutting and perforation.
The Function: Feed the paper.It’s controlled by PLC with a human-computer interface. The length of paper to be fed without adjustment, so that paper can be input quickly and accurately.Also,it applies to card paper and corrugated paper.
Guide to Buying a Die Cutting Machine
From embossing and engraving to cutting out personalised designs, die cutters are an essential in any crafter’s tool kit. No matter whether you’re scrapbooking or card making, dies and die cutting machines offer a quick and easy way to add dimension and texture without fiddly or painstaking scissor work. Here’s our quick guide to buying the die cutter that’s perfect for you and your next creative crafting ideas.
Die cutting machines are used for engraving, embossing, and even for cutting paper, card, fabric, and thin metal. If you wanted to make an intricate paper flower without a die cutter, you would need to carefully cut this out using a scalpel or a pair of scissors. Potentially clumsy and definitely time consuming, this can quickly get tiring if you have a lot of them to do. Die cutting machines take away all this hassle, precisely cutting the design you want in no time at all. The ‘die’ is the pattern that you’ll be cutting out, which you load into the machine.
Manual
Manual die cutters are lightweight, affordable, and often the most popular choice. The crafter must align the die with their chosen material and use a manual crank on the side to operate it. A wide range of dies can be used with manual die cutters, and many crafters like the hands on approach as well as the ability to see exactly where you are cutting.
Electronic
With electronic die cutters, you load a die cartridge with your chosen design, and the machine does the aligning and cutting for you. They are not as portable as manual die cutters, but there is much less room for error and there is less work involved, freeing up your time to do other tasks. What's more, when utilising electronic die cutters, you usually have to install software onto your computer. This can reduce your choice of dies, but with practice, can allow you to make your own customised dies.
Dies
You will need to purchase dies separately to the die cutting machine. There is a wide variety of sizes, and you’ll need to check the maximum size your machine can handle. Metal dies will cost more than electronic ones, but the choice you have with metal dies can be much greater. You can find dies for cutting out flat lay boxes that you can later build, as well as intricate floral, animal and lace designs for decorating cards, scrapbooks and journals.

Are you looking for a specific theme? If so, here at The Range our extensive collection of creative dies are sure to impress. Why not liven up your next handmade masterpice with help from our sensational selection of patterned dies, floral dies, vintage-style dies, and even our array of desirable novelty-themed dies.
Automatic Wire Strippers and Wire Stripping Machines
Wire strippers and wire stripping machines remove the insulation from electrical wires, coaxial cables and similar types of wiring. A wire stripper generally refers to a portable hand-held device while a wire stripping machine is an industrial version used for heavy duty casing removal. Both wire strippers and wire stripping machines are available in automatic and manual types. Additionally, different types of wire stripping methods are available:

• Cutting – The simplest way of moving wire casing is simply to cut it away.
  
  
• Abrasive – The abrasive method uses a rough wheel that wears away the insulation and polishes the wire clean.
  
  
• Thermal – The thermal method melts or burns away the wire’s insulation.
  
  
• Mechanical – Mechanical wire strippers typically use the abrasive or cutting method combined with a mechanial power source.
  
  
• Chemical – The chemical stripping method uses chemicals that react with the insulation and cause it to dissolve.
  
  
• Laser – A high tech method used mainly in special applications. With this method, the laser removes the insulation without disturbing the conducting metal underneath.