The continuous flowmeter

[DFDVX52]

The continuous flowmeter
Flow meters are classed as volumetric or inferential, the latter term referring to meters that determine velocity from other variables such as pressure differences across a device such as an orifice plate. There is a large variety of flow measurement device, using numerous physical principles. Full discussion of the whole range of flow measurement device is out of the scope of this book but the reader will find a comprehensive reference in the Flow Measurement Handbook (Baker, 2000). Table 18.4 gives typical information on some of the flow meters usually encountered in the water industry.

Mass magnetic flowmeter such as the Coriolis meter provide a more sophisticated metering device. Sometimes configured in a distinctive U-tube shape, an internal tube is set oscillating using an electric current supplied to coils at either end of the tube. The flow of liquid through the tube sets up a twisting force on the inner tube due to the naturally occurring Coriolis Effect. Sensors fitted along the length of the tube detect and measure the twisting force, which is a function of the mass flow rate; the processed data provides production and fluid density data.

The principles of orifice and venturi meters are discussed in Section 14.16. Two other kinds of inferential (or momentum) meter are the Dall tube and the V cone venturi. In both, flow accelerates through a constriction and leads to a pressure drop. The pressure difference is measured in the Dall tube and the V cone venturi as an indicator of velocity (and so flow) in the same way as for an orifice. The V cone venturi design is claimed to have a turn-down ratio of 25:1 and to be less affected by conditions upstream and downstream and can be fitted into shorter lengths of straight pipe than is recommended for other meter types. Further types of momentum meter are indicated in Table 18.5.

An ultrasonic flow meter as shown in Fig. 16.11 measures the velocity of a fluid to calculate volume flow. The vortex flowmeter can measure the average velocity along the path of an emitted beam of ultrasound by averaging the difference in measured transit time between the pulses of ultrasound propagating into and against the direction of the flow or by measuring the frequency shift from the Doppler effect. Ultrasonic flow meters are affected by the acoustic properties of the fluid and can be impacted by temperature, density, viscosity and suspended particulates. They are often inexpensive to use and maintain because they do not use moving parts, unlike mechanical flow meters.

Insertion probe flow meters are installed for temporary measurement of flow for consumption surveys or for distribution networks analyses. These instruments are either the turbine or electromagnetic (EM) type, the latter becoming more common. Both are inserted into the pipe where flow measurement is required. The turbine type uses a small rotating vane at the end of a probe to record flow velocity. The vane is susceptible to damage, in which case the instrument has to be returned to the manufacturer for repair and recalibration. The turbine meter is inserted through a 40 mm diameter tapping in the pipe which has to be of at least 200 mm diameter. The EM probe (Plate 30©) uses an electromagnet at its end to apply a magnetic field to the water. Electrodes either side of the probe pick up the induced EMF in the water which is proportional to the velocity past the electrodes. The tapping for an EM insertion probe is 20 mm diameter and can usually be installed in pipes of diameter 150 mm and greater. EM probes are made up to 1 m long; therefore, they cannot be used for pipes of diameter greater than 900 mm and are restricted to flow with velocity less than about 1.75 to 2.0 m/s due to the flexibility of the probe.

Insertion probes measure the velocity at the position of the measuring device. This can be at the pipe centre line or at defined points along the diameter. The measured velocity has to be converted to mean pipe velocity of flow by relating the measured value to the average velocity across the whole pipe. For this a velocity profile for the pipe is used, determined by using the same instrument to record velocities at set points across the diameter from crown to invert. The recorded measurements are corrected to take account of the disturbance caused by the instrument itself (increased local velocity). The disturbance coefficients are unique to each instrument and are provided by its manufacturer. For the conditions usually encountered the ratio of the mean velocity to the centerline velocity is 0.83 but can range from 0.7 to 1.0. Values differing widely from 0.83 should be viewed with caution and the cause investigated. However, satisfactory results should be obtained if the internal diameter is measured accurately and if the number of flow profile readings is sufficient—five for pipes of DN 150, nine for DN 300 and 13 for larger pipes. The measurements should be repeated at least three times to ensure the ratio is consistent and repeatable; the flow must be relatively consistent during each profile run. In practice poor field conditions often make precise measurement difficult so that several attempts may be necessary. Once the profile is established satisfactorily the instrument is set at the pipe centre line and the data logger is attached. In pipes in poor condition the velocity profile changes with flow and can render very inaccurate measurements of flows significantly different from that at which the velocity profile was established.

Making tappings and installing insertion probes pose a risk to water quality. Although such risks can be managed, ultrasonic strap-on mass flowmetter are being used increasingly as an alternative and avoid the tedious exercise of velocity profiling. Versions of these meters can be installed on all sizes and materials of pipe used in distribution systems.

For an orifice meter Equation (14.24) equally applies. However, C varies much more, depending on the velocity and the ratio d/D. If the latter is in the typical range of 0.4–0.6 and for pipe diameters greater than 200 mm, the value of C will be in the range 0.60–0.61 for the usual velocities experienced in a pipeline.

The accuracy of measurement of both venturi and orifice meters depends on the lateral flow distribution through the device and can be severely affected by flow disturbances created by fittings in a pipe system. Detailed conditions for accurate measurement are laid down in BS EN ISO 5167-1:2003. These can generally be met by ensuring that for d/D ratios not exceeding 0.6, there are at least 20 diameters of straight pipe without a fitting upstream of the meter and 7 diameters of straight pipe downstream. The venturi is designed to minimize the headloss and this can be made very small with a well-designed expansion downstream of the throat providing good recovery of pressure head. The headloss through an orifice is substantially higher because of the sudden expansion of the diameter downstream. If headloss is an important consideration a venturi meter, such as the illustrated Dall tube, should be considered but venturis are more expensive and require greater space than an orifice meter.

Subsea manifolds have been used in the development of oil and gas fields to simplify the subsea system, minimize the use of subsea pipelines and risers, and optimize the fluid flow of production in the system. The manifold is an arrangement of piping and/or valves designed to combine, distribute, control, and often monitor fluid flow. Subsea manifolds are installed on the seabed within an array of wells to gather product or to inject water or gas into wells as shown in Figure 19-1. There are numerous types of manifolds, ranging from a simple pipeline end manifold (PLEM/PLET) to large structures such as an entire subsea process system. A PLEM is one of the most common manifolds in this range and it is detailed in the next section separately because it is directly connected to pipelines and its installation considerations are key factors in the design.

A subsea manifold system is structurally independent from the wells. The wells and pipelines are connected to the manifold by jumpers. The subsea manifold system is mainly comprised of a manifold and a foundation. The manifold support structure is an interface between the manifold and foundation. It provides necessary facilities to guide, level, and orient the manifold relative to the foundation. The connection between the manifold and the manifold supporting structure allows the manifold to retrieve and reinstall with sufficient accuracy so as to allow for the subsequent reuse of the production and well jumpers.

A manifold is a structural frame with piping, valves, control module, pigging loop, flow meters, etc. The foundation provides structural support for the manifold. It may be either a mudmat with skirt or a pile foundation, depending on seabed soil conditions and manifold size.

Any obstruction inserted into a duct or pipe that creates a measurable pressure difference can be used as a density meter. The three basic standardized flow measurement devices presented above are perhaps more suitable for laboratory work than installation as permanent ductwork instruments in ventilation applications. They are sensitive to flow disturbances, relatively expensive, require considerable space, and have a narrow measurement range and a high permanent pressure loss. For these reasons, numerous attempts have been made to develop instruments without these drawbacks. Some of them, like the Dall tube,47 which is a modification of the venturi, have even been standard instruments. Several other solutions based on plates, rings, or wing-type obstructions are commercially available. This wide variety of devices is not covered here. For further information, the reader should contact the manufacturers of such instruments.

[DFDVX52]

The continuous flowmeter
Flow meters are classed as volumetric or inferential, the latter term referring to meters that determine velocity from other variables such as pressure differences across a device such as an orifice plate. There is a large variety of flow measurement device, using numerous physical principles. Full discussion of the whole range of flow measurement device is out of the scope of this book but the reader will find a comprehensive reference in the Flow Measurement Handbook (Baker, 2000). Table 18.4 gives typical information on some of the flow meters usually encountered in the water industry.

Mass magnetic flowmeter such as the Coriolis meter provide a more sophisticated metering device. Sometimes configured in a distinctive U-tube shape, an internal tube is set oscillating using an electric current supplied to coils at either end of the tube. The flow of liquid through the tube sets up a twisting force on the inner tube due to the naturally occurring Coriolis Effect. Sensors fitted along the length of the tube detect and measure the twisting force, which is a function of the mass flow rate; the processed data provides production and fluid density data.

The principles of orifice and venturi meters are discussed in Section 14.16. Two other kinds of inferential (or momentum) meter are the Dall tube and the V cone venturi. In both, flow accelerates through a constriction and leads to a pressure drop. The pressure difference is measured in the Dall tube and the V cone venturi as an indicator of velocity (and so flow) in the same way as for an orifice. The V cone venturi design is claimed to have a turn-down ratio of 25:1 and to be less affected by conditions upstream and downstream and can be fitted into shorter lengths of straight pipe than is recommended for other meter types. Further types of momentum meter are indicated in Table 18.5.

An ultrasonic flow meter as shown in Fig. 16.11 measures the velocity of a fluid to calculate volume flow. The vortex flowmeter can measure the average velocity along the path of an emitted beam of ultrasound by averaging the difference in measured transit time between the pulses of ultrasound propagating into and against the direction of the flow or by measuring the frequency shift from the Doppler effect. Ultrasonic flow meters are affected by the acoustic properties of the fluid and can be impacted by temperature, density, viscosity and suspended particulates. They are often inexpensive to use and maintain because they do not use moving parts, unlike mechanical flow meters.

Insertion probe flow meters are installed for temporary measurement of flow for consumption surveys or for distribution networks analyses. These instruments are either the turbine or electromagnetic (EM) type, the latter becoming more common. Both are inserted into the pipe where flow measurement is required. The turbine type uses a small rotating vane at the end of a probe to record flow velocity. The vane is susceptible to damage, in which case the instrument has to be returned to the manufacturer for repair and recalibration. The turbine meter is inserted through a 40 mm diameter tapping in the pipe which has to be of at least 200 mm diameter. The EM probe (Plate 30©) uses an electromagnet at its end to apply a magnetic field to the water. Electrodes either side of the probe pick up the induced EMF in the water which is proportional to the velocity past the electrodes. The tapping for an EM insertion probe is 20 mm diameter and can usually be installed in pipes of diameter 150 mm and greater. EM probes are made up to 1 m long; therefore, they cannot be used for pipes of diameter greater than 900 mm and are restricted to flow with velocity less than about 1.75 to 2.0 m/s due to the flexibility of the probe.

Insertion probes measure the velocity at the position of the measuring device. This can be at the pipe centre line or at defined points along the diameter. The measured velocity has to be converted to mean pipe velocity of flow by relating the measured value to the average velocity across the whole pipe. For this a velocity profile for the pipe is used, determined by using the same instrument to record velocities at set points across the diameter from crown to invert. The recorded measurements are corrected to take account of the disturbance caused by the instrument itself (increased local velocity). The disturbance coefficients are unique to each instrument and are provided by its manufacturer. For the conditions usually encountered the ratio of the mean velocity to the centerline velocity is 0.83 but can range from 0.7 to 1.0. Values differing widely from 0.83 should be viewed with caution and the cause investigated. However, satisfactory results should be obtained if the internal diameter is measured accurately and if the number of flow profile readings is sufficient—five for pipes of DN 150, nine for DN 300 and 13 for larger pipes. The measurements should be repeated at least three times to ensure the ratio is consistent and repeatable; the flow must be relatively consistent during each profile run. In practice poor field conditions often make precise measurement difficult so that several attempts may be necessary. Once the profile is established satisfactorily the instrument is set at the pipe centre line and the data logger is attached. In pipes in poor condition the velocity profile changes with flow and can render very inaccurate measurements of flows significantly different from that at which the velocity profile was established.

Making tappings and installing insertion probes pose a risk to water quality. Although such risks can be managed, ultrasonic strap-on mass flowmetter are being used increasingly as an alternative and avoid the tedious exercise of velocity profiling. Versions of these meters can be installed on all sizes and materials of pipe used in distribution systems.

For an orifice meter Equation (14.24) equally applies. However, C varies much more, depending on the velocity and the ratio d/D. If the latter is in the typical range of 0.4–0.6 and for pipe diameters greater than 200 mm, the value of C will be in the range 0.60–0.61 for the usual velocities experienced in a pipeline.

The accuracy of measurement of both venturi and orifice meters depends on the lateral flow distribution through the device and can be severely affected by flow disturbances created by fittings in a pipe system. Detailed conditions for accurate measurement are laid down in BS EN ISO 5167-1:2003. These can generally be met by ensuring that for d/D ratios not exceeding 0.6, there are at least 20 diameters of straight pipe without a fitting upstream of the meter and 7 diameters of straight pipe downstream. The venturi is designed to minimize the headloss and this can be made very small with a well-designed expansion downstream of the throat providing good recovery of pressure head. The headloss through an orifice is substantially higher because of the sudden expansion of the diameter downstream. If headloss is an important consideration a venturi meter, such as the illustrated Dall tube, should be considered but venturis are more expensive and require greater space than an orifice meter.

Subsea manifolds have been used in the development of oil and gas fields to simplify the subsea system, minimize the use of subsea pipelines and risers, and optimize the fluid flow of production in the system. The manifold is an arrangement of piping and/or valves designed to combine, distribute, control, and often monitor fluid flow. Subsea manifolds are installed on the seabed within an array of wells to gather product or to inject water or gas into wells as shown in Figure 19-1. There are numerous types of manifolds, ranging from a simple pipeline end manifold (PLEM/PLET) to large structures such as an entire subsea process system. A PLEM is one of the most common manifolds in this range and it is detailed in the next section separately because it is directly connected to pipelines and its installation considerations are key factors in the design.

A subsea manifold system is structurally independent from the wells. The wells and pipelines are connected to the manifold by jumpers. The subsea manifold system is mainly comprised of a manifold and a foundation. The manifold support structure is an interface between the manifold and foundation. It provides necessary facilities to guide, level, and orient the manifold relative to the foundation. The connection between the manifold and the manifold supporting structure allows the manifold to retrieve and reinstall with sufficient accuracy so as to allow for the subsequent reuse of the production and well jumpers.

A manifold is a structural frame with piping, valves, control module, pigging loop, flow meters, etc. The foundation provides structural support for the manifold. It may be either a mudmat with skirt or a pile foundation, depending on seabed soil conditions and manifold size.

Any obstruction inserted into a duct or pipe that creates a measurable pressure difference can be used as a density meter. The three basic standardized flow measurement devices presented above are perhaps more suitable for laboratory work than installation as permanent ductwork instruments in ventilation applications. They are sensitive to flow disturbances, relatively expensive, require considerable space, and have a narrow measurement range and a high permanent pressure loss. For these reasons, numerous attempts have been made to develop instruments without these drawbacks. Some of them, like the Dall tube,47 which is a modification of the venturi, have even been standard instruments. Several other solutions based on plates, rings, or wing-type obstructions are commercially available. This wide variety of devices is not covered here. For further information, the reader should contact the manufacturers of such instruments.

[FrankJScott]

I suggest you google it :)

[FrankJScott]

I suggest you google it :)

[FrankJScott]

In response to the people inquiring about panel, bmw m shoes grille x-cat, door trim, door trim, trim cover bumper primered front, lower strap, I highly recommend this BMW 52107972631 Headrest or armrest in leather rear left, left rear lugg.compartment railing, auxiliary water pump, roof lining, lateral trim panel left, cover, not to mention this BMW 61125A42FD9 Wiring Harness Roof as well as floor covering front, trim panel, decor strip left, cooler line high-voltage battery, door lining leather rear left, control unit door passengers side rear, not to mention this BMW 51318261073 Windscreen which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31311138497 Spring Strut as well as flaired wheel arch front right, comb instru, headrest imitation leather, alloy rim, track control arm, electric auxiliary heater, and don't forget this BMW 52103421961 Headrest on top of door trim panel fabric front right, pump, cover, ?lk?hler, door trim panel front left, door trim, on top of BMW 52107349877 Cover Comfort Backrest Perf. Lthr Le which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 37121134972 Shock Absorb on top of headrest, bckrst cover, side member rear lower right, left rear lugg.compartment railing, strg lock, control unit airbag, not to mention this BMW 64216821662 K?Hlmittelrohr Unterflur Teil 1as well as lateral trim panel right, foam padding backrest left, instrument panel upper section hud, control unit, shock absorber, cover, not to mention this BMW 32111114994 Steering Gear and don't forget tool, ultrasonic sensor frozen pure gray, rmfd ctrl un, side frame, glass cover rear, side wall, not to mention BMW 26101229585 Drive Shaft as well as leather cover rear backrest, trim rear console, bremsgest?ng, sound insulating door rear left, ??des spriegot?js, floor covering front, which is also great. Don't forget to check this BMW 52207231380 Cover with armrest, output shaft rear left, upper belt strap rema on front left, top-hifi system amplifier, repair kit selector rod, sports st.-wheel leather-wd.ring multif., for good measure. Also BMW 52207966383 Cover-B.Rest or floor covering front, switch, intake muffler, guide rail, lateral trim, stabilizer, as well as this BMW 51427477298 Door Trim Panel Rear Right as well as m outside mirror w-o lens heated left, cover knee level vent passenger, knee pad, cover backrest vinyl right, seat upholst, distributor, and don't forget this BMW 31609884764 Intermediate Shaft With Support Tube not to mention blende skitasche, engine wiring harness transm.module, upper belt front left, console, window guide left rear door, trim panel, which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31107857014 Wishbone Bottom With Rubber Mount Right alongside all left front spring strut, radiator hose, door trim panel rear left, foam pad sports seat right, wrng harness, moulding, as well as this BMW 51449472372 Headlining Panoramic Roof alongside all cable set, rear repair wiring set, install.kit independent heater, control dev, rear wing mount left, door trim panel front right, alongside all BMW 34116868939 Brem?U Disks Pr. which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 52207985083 Head Restraint Leather Center Rear on top of goodyear eagle f1 asymmetric 3 rof, lock set, standard cable - mode 2 charge cable, cover armrest leather, trim cover rear console right, seat bench, as well as this BMW 51415A27DE8 Armrest Front Right alongside all radio remote control m sport, bedienzentrum mittelkonsole, cas atsl?gas, protective mouldings center primed, seat cover vinyl, auto part, and don't forget BMW 51459624572 Instrument Panel as well as knee protection airbag module right, door trim panel rear right, trim panel, repair kit center console control panel, tool, cover, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this BMW 51167282572 Outside Mirror with cover backrest perforated leather rgt, protective plate left, alloy rim fo, trim cover bumper primed front, kit radio remote w- control unit bcp, trim, for good measure. Check more @ Awesome BMW Car Part Advice 9628_f8

[FrankJScott]

In response to the people inquiring about panel, bmw m shoes grille x-cat, door trim, door trim, trim cover bumper primered front, lower strap, I highly recommend this BMW 52107972631 Headrest or armrest in leather rear left, left rear lugg.compartment railing, auxiliary water pump, roof lining, lateral trim panel left, cover, not to mention this BMW 61125A42FD9 Wiring Harness Roof as well as floor covering front, trim panel, decor strip left, cooler line high-voltage battery, door lining leather rear left, control unit door passengers side rear, not to mention this BMW 51318261073 Windscreen which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31311138497 Spring Strut as well as flaired wheel arch front right, comb instru, headrest imitation leather, alloy rim, track control arm, electric auxiliary heater, and don't forget this BMW 52103421961 Headrest on top of door trim panel fabric front right, pump, cover, ?lk?hler, door trim panel front left, door trim, on top of BMW 52107349877 Cover Comfort Backrest Perf. Lthr Le which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 37121134972 Shock Absorb on top of headrest, bckrst cover, side member rear lower right, left rear lugg.compartment railing, strg lock, control unit airbag, not to mention this BMW 64216821662 K?Hlmittelrohr Unterflur Teil 1as well as lateral trim panel right, foam padding backrest left, instrument panel upper section hud, control unit, shock absorber, cover, not to mention this BMW 32111114994 Steering Gear and don't forget tool, ultrasonic sensor frozen pure gray, rmfd ctrl un, side frame, glass cover rear, side wall, not to mention BMW 26101229585 Drive Shaft as well as leather cover rear backrest, trim rear console, bremsgest?ng, sound insulating door rear left, ??des spriegot?js, floor covering front, which is also great. Don't forget to check this BMW 52207231380 Cover with armrest, output shaft rear left, upper belt strap rema on front left, top-hifi system amplifier, repair kit selector rod, sports st.-wheel leather-wd.ring multif., for good measure. Also BMW 52207966383 Cover-B.Rest or floor covering front, switch, intake muffler, guide rail, lateral trim, stabilizer, as well as this BMW 51427477298 Door Trim Panel Rear Right as well as m outside mirror w-o lens heated left, cover knee level vent passenger, knee pad, cover backrest vinyl right, seat upholst, distributor, and don't forget this BMW 31609884764 Intermediate Shaft With Support Tube not to mention blende skitasche, engine wiring harness transm.module, upper belt front left, console, window guide left rear door, trim panel, which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31107857014 Wishbone Bottom With Rubber Mount Right alongside all left front spring strut, radiator hose, door trim panel rear left, foam pad sports seat right, wrng harness, moulding, as well as this BMW 51449472372 Headlining Panoramic Roof alongside all cable set, rear repair wiring set, install.kit independent heater, control dev, rear wing mount left, door trim panel front right, alongside all BMW 34116868939 Brem?U Disks Pr. which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 52207985083 Head Restraint Leather Center Rear on top of goodyear eagle f1 asymmetric 3 rof, lock set, standard cable - mode 2 charge cable, cover armrest leather, trim cover rear console right, seat bench, as well as this BMW 51415A27DE8 Armrest Front Right alongside all radio remote control m sport, bedienzentrum mittelkonsole, cas atsl?gas, protective mouldings center primed, seat cover vinyl, auto part, and don't forget BMW 51459624572 Instrument Panel as well as knee protection airbag module right, door trim panel rear right, trim panel, repair kit center console control panel, tool, cover, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this BMW 51167282572 Outside Mirror with cover backrest perforated leather rgt, protective plate left, alloy rim fo, trim cover bumper primed front, kit radio remote w- control unit bcp, trim, for good measure. Check more @ Awesome BMW Car Part Advice 9628_f8

[FrankJScott]

In reply to the people inquiring about floor carpet, set of cables rear bumper, gear set, amortiz?tors pr., m sports steering wheel leather, rear coil spring, I highly suggest this BMW 67135A3DB23 Mirror Electronics Left or apron, door trim panel front right, rear pipe, upper belt, door lining leather rear right, side trim cover leather left, alongside all this BMW 51167426070 Haltegriff Esche Maser Vorn as well as door lining leather rear left, trailer tow hitch set us, carpet front left, rmfd headunit basis navigation 2, wood covers, cover comfo, not to mention this BMW 51472268574 Cover which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 33211229665 At-Sideshaft on top of trim panel, piston, trim cover bumper primered front, door lining leather rear left, wiring drivers side, bag, on top of this BMW 52107901366 Cover-B.Rest and don't forget insulation, arm rest, decor strip leathr instr. panel right, leather cover for basic seat right, intake manifold system, set kablage, on top of BMW 51470435467 Set Floor Mats Front which is also worth a look. I also suggest this BMW 51425A29937 Door Trim Panel Rear Left not to mention flap, lateral trim panel leather rear right, trim panel, bmw display key, door trim panel rear right, kopfstuetze, on top of this BMW 72112452713 Rear Center Upper Beltand don't forget trim exhaust end pipe left, rmdf unit, pipe, satz sitzpolster, cover, door trim, alongside all this BMW 51457970250 Wood Panel alongside all door trim panel rear right, cell module high-voltage battery, decor trim cover passenger side, base control unit dme mevd 1723, electr.parts, door lining cloth rear left, on top of BMW 51428090492 Door Trim Panel Rear Right not to mention auto part, wooden strip, einstellpl?ttchen, amortiz?tors pr.lab.e65 66, folding head restr. leather rear cent., sucking jet pump, which is also great. Don't forget to check this BMW 13718603095 Charge Air Induction Tract with wiring harness eng. sensoric module 2, decor panel, car cover air flow storage system, foam pad sp, kopfst?tze kunstleder, head restraint comfort seat leather, for good measure. Also BMW 21217518897 Fly Wheel or elsats, cover-b.rest, mountngparts, decor strip, rep. wiring harness live rear right, disc wheel, as well as this BMW 66209270493 Pdc Sensor on top of door trim, mirror, trim exhaust system right, cover, cover, side finisher leather left, not to mention this BMW 52107263564 Cover For Comfort Backrest Leather Right as well as throttle housing assy, cover center armrest front, seat cover m leather multifunct.seat, lateral trim, repair kit center console control panel, left front spring strut, which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31316874378 Spring Strut Front and don't forget cover, lock comple, supply module, climate control panel rear, bckrst frame, wood covers, on top of this BMW 51428033404 Trim not to mention upper belt front right, insert for b, strg lock, rmdf unit, seat cover, set floor mats front, and don't forget BMW 51169218193 Mount Center Console which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 41122291665 Cross Member alongside all heated outside mirror right, kopfst?tze au?en, trim i-panel ash burl front passenger, stiprin?jums ter?aj?m ritenim, heated outside mirror left, cover for comfort backrest leather right, as well as this BMW 61116956043 Harness alongside all column a, set of floor mats velours, sports seat cover leather, start-stop sw.auto.en.start-stop fun.red, seat cover, carrier outside door handle right, alongside all BMW 52107350435 Cover Basic Backrest Leather Left on top of cover-b.rest, side airbag front left seat, headrest imitation leather, obergurt hinten au?en rechts, kopfairbag links, front coil spring, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this BMW 51748332806 Air Brake Channel Front Right with headrest leather outer, floor trim cover front, cover door alu satin-polished rear ri, moldings, door trim, regulating lambda probe, for good measure. Check more @ Great BMW Car Part Site 69627_d

[FrankJScott]

In reply to the people inquiring about floor carpet, set of cables rear bumper, gear set, amortiz?tors pr., m sports steering wheel leather, rear coil spring, I highly suggest this BMW 67135A3DB23 Mirror Electronics Left or apron, door trim panel front right, rear pipe, upper belt, door lining leather rear right, side trim cover leather left, alongside all this BMW 51167426070 Haltegriff Esche Maser Vorn as well as door lining leather rear left, trailer tow hitch set us, carpet front left, rmfd headunit basis navigation 2, wood covers, cover comfo, not to mention this BMW 51472268574 Cover which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 33211229665 At-Sideshaft on top of trim panel, piston, trim cover bumper primered front, door lining leather rear left, wiring drivers side, bag, on top of this BMW 52107901366 Cover-B.Rest and don't forget insulation, arm rest, decor strip leathr instr. panel right, leather cover for basic seat right, intake manifold system, set kablage, on top of BMW 51470435467 Set Floor Mats Front which is also worth a look. I also suggest this BMW 51425A29937 Door Trim Panel Rear Left not to mention flap, lateral trim panel leather rear right, trim panel, bmw display key, door trim panel rear right, kopfstuetze, on top of this BMW 72112452713 Rear Center Upper Beltand don't forget trim exhaust end pipe left, rmdf unit, pipe, satz sitzpolster, cover, door trim, alongside all this BMW 51457970250 Wood Panel alongside all door trim panel rear right, cell module high-voltage battery, decor trim cover passenger side, base control unit dme mevd 1723, electr.parts, door lining cloth rear left, on top of BMW 51428090492 Door Trim Panel Rear Right not to mention auto part, wooden strip, einstellpl?ttchen, amortiz?tors pr.lab.e65 66, folding head restr. leather rear cent., sucking jet pump, which is also great. Don't forget to check this BMW 13718603095 Charge Air Induction Tract with wiring harness eng. sensoric module 2, decor panel, car cover air flow storage system, foam pad sp, kopfst?tze kunstleder, head restraint comfort seat leather, for good measure. Also BMW 21217518897 Fly Wheel or elsats, cover-b.rest, mountngparts, decor strip, rep. wiring harness live rear right, disc wheel, as well as this BMW 66209270493 Pdc Sensor on top of door trim, mirror, trim exhaust system right, cover, cover, side finisher leather left, not to mention this BMW 52107263564 Cover For Comfort Backrest Leather Right as well as throttle housing assy, cover center armrest front, seat cover m leather multifunct.seat, lateral trim, repair kit center console control panel, left front spring strut, which is also great. Also, have a look at this BMW 31316874378 Spring Strut Front and don't forget cover, lock comple, supply module, climate control panel rear, bckrst frame, wood covers, on top of this BMW 51428033404 Trim not to mention upper belt front right, insert for b, strg lock, rmdf unit, seat cover, set floor mats front, and don't forget BMW 51169218193 Mount Center Console which is also worth a look. I also recommend this BMW 41122291665 Cross Member alongside all heated outside mirror right, kopfst?tze au?en, trim i-panel ash burl front passenger, stiprin?jums ter?aj?m ritenim, heated outside mirror left, cover for comfort backrest leather right, as well as this BMW 61116956043 Harness alongside all column a, set of floor mats velours, sports seat cover leather, start-stop sw.auto.en.start-stop fun.red, seat cover, carrier outside door handle right, alongside all BMW 52107350435 Cover Basic Backrest Leather Left on top of cover-b.rest, side airbag front left seat, headrest imitation leather, obergurt hinten au?en rechts, kopfairbag links, front coil spring, which is also great. Finally, have a look at this BMW 51748332806 Air Brake Channel Front Right with headrest leather outer, floor trim cover front, cover door alu satin-polished rear ri, moldings, door trim, regulating lambda probe, for good measure. Check more @ Great BMW Car Part Site 69627_d

[FrankJScott]

Please try Google for Recommended Product Website cf80b06

[FrankJScott]

Please try Google for Recommended Product Website cf80b06